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April 25, 2006

Risk tolerance

ASSESSING RISK TOLERANCE WITH A SIMPLE GAMBLE

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Want to estimate risk tolerance with just one question? Thanks to Bob Clemen who has written a nice piece about it in the Decision Analysis Newsletter, and to the SJDM mailing list, here's the one question:

"Suppose you face a gamble where you can win $x with probability 0.5 or lose $x/2 with probability 0.5. What is the largest x for which you would be just willing to take this gamble? I’m looking for the largest x that makes you just indifferent between taking the gamble or not."

In Clemen's book Making Hard Decisions, in the solutions manual, he gives a derivation of how to get from the respose to that question into an estimate of the risk tolerance parameter R in the exponential utility function U(x) = 1-exp(-x/R).


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Another way to estimate risk tolerance is using the Distribution Builder

Posted by dggoldst at 01:08 PM | Comments (0)

April 14, 2006

Why doesn't economics cite other fields?

WHO TALKS TO WHOM: INTRA- AND INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION OF ECONOMICS JOURNALS

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A talk by Jeffrey Pfeffer currently touring the world cites some stats from Who Talks to Whom? Intra- and Interdisciplinary Communication of Economics Journals, a 2002 paper by Rik Pieters and Hans Baumgartner:

" * 90% of citations in economics is intradisciplinary
* The 5 economics journals studied made no citations to management, marketing, anthropology, or psychology journals
* Economics is cited 4333 times by its sister disciplines between 1995 & 1997, while economics cites other disciplines (mostly finance at 79%) 601 times"

ABSTRACT of Pieters and Baumgartner:
Citation patterns between 42 journals in economics from 1995 to 1997 are examined, plus between economics and anthropology, political science, psychology, sociology and five business disciplines. Building on social network theory, we identify a hierarchical organization of journals in economics and seven journal clusters. Major citation flows are found from all areas of economics to the general interest and theory and method clusters, but not the other way around. Economics emerges as a significant source of interdisciplinary knowledge for the other social sciences and business. However, no area of economics appears to build substantially on insights from its sister disciplines.

Also note this recent piece in Foreign Policy by Moisés Naím suggest economics is overly inward gazing given its limited ability to preform its bread and butter task of forecasting the future(a point also made in a forthcoming book by Nassim Taleb).

AUTHORS:
Jeffrey Pfeffer
Rik Pieters
Hans Baumgartner

Posted by dggoldst at 03:42 AM | Comments (0)

April 10, 2006

Learn about R

R STATISTICAL LANGUAGE MULTI-SITE SEARCH

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Image (C) R Foundation, from http://www.r-project.org

Decision researchers and fellow bloggers Jon Baron and Andrew Gelman are big fans and supporters of the R project for statistical computing.

Searching for information on R can be difficult (though Baron's R search tool is a great help), so DSN has put together a search widget that only queries R sites:


R Statistical Language Multi-Site Search



Simply type in the search and see the results from many sites. Sites searched include:

finzi.psych.upenn.edu
cran.r-project.org
wiki.r-project.org
lib.stat.cmu.edu/S
lib.stat.cmu.edu/R
tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R

and DSN welcomes suggestions for additions and deletions.

Posted by dggoldst at 10:52 AM | Comments (0)

April 07, 2006

On the elimination of everything but the essentials

INFORMATION SCIENCE

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When DSN was visiting Stanford's Department of Management Science and Engineering in the late 90s, it was called "Engineering-Economic Systems and Operations Research". A change for the better, no? One thing that hasn't changed is the excellence of the people there.

We just got our copy David Luenberger's new Information Science. Not only is it a handsome book (big but not heavy, with cottony paper), it's like an entire college education on a field you never knew existed, looking at everything from file compression to marketing to microeconomics through one beautiful framework set forth by Claude Shannon in 1949. It includes a nice Shannon quote, from 1953:

The first [method] I might speak about is simplification. Suppose that you are given a problem to solve, I don't care what kind of problem—a machine to design, or a physical theory to develop, or a mathematical theorem to prove or something of that kind—probably a very powerful approach to this is to attempt to eliminate everything from the problem except the essentials; that is, cut it down to size. Almost every problem that you come across is befuddled with all kinds of extraneous data of one sort or another; and if you can bring this problem down into the main issues, you can see more clearly what you are trying to do an perhaps find a solution. Now in so doing you may have stripped away the problem you're after. You may have simplified it to the point that it doesn't even resemble the problem that you started with; but very often if you can solve this simple problem, you can add refinements to the solution of this until you get back to the solution of the one you started with.

Luenberger comments "Shannon's approach of abstraction to an essence should become clear as we study his contributions throughout this text. His work is a testament to the power of the method."

REFERENCE:
Shannon, Claude E. Creative Thinking. Mathematical Sciences Research Center, AT&T, 1993.

Posted by dggoldst at 10:45 AM | Comments (0)

April 03, 2006

Principles for good web-based experiments

WEB EXPERIMENTS MUST BE GOOD WEB SITES

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To do a good web-based experiment, a researcher needs to keep the drop-out rate as low as possible. Good Web design is key to getting people to take experiments seriously and to finish what they start. By encouraging good coding practices, it also improves cross-platform and cross-browser performance.

DSN likes the simple heuristics-based approach of the book Defensive Design for the Web by 37signals, Matthew Linderman, and Jason Fried, which contains 40 practical guidelines for how to improve a site.

Posted by dggoldst at 03:50 AM | Comments (0)